腹膜透析患者并发胸腹瘘5例分析

目的探讨腹膜透析患者并发胸腹瘘的临床表现、诊断方法及治疗与转归。方法对2011年1月—2014年12月收治的腹膜透析并发胸腹瘘患者5例的临床表现、诊断方法及治疗与转归进行分析。结果 5例患者均出现胸闷、气促;影像学检查提示中~大量右侧胸腔积液;胸水透明清亮,蛋白定性试验阴性,胸水蛋白定量<25g/L,葡萄糖>40 mmol/L,美蓝试验阳性,DPTA试验阳性。确诊后经抽取胸水、暂停持续非卧床腹膜透析,其中4例患者最终转为血液透析治疗,1例改为间歇性腹膜透析,瘘口愈合后再行维持性腹膜透析。结论胸腹瘘有胸腔负压消失的临床特点,用美蓝试验及核素扫描结合胸水生化成分分析诊断胸腹瘘敏感性高,不良反应少。出现胸腹瘘后患者大多转为维持性血液透析,较难再维持腹膜透析治疗。     

Endoscopic Occlusion of Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Ventilated Patients Using an Amplatzer Septal Occluder

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a challenging, life threatening condition. It most commonly appears in critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, who cannot withstand open neck or chest surgery. An endoscopic technique could be better tolerated by these patients. We present our experience using a cardiac Amplatzer ASD septal occluder for an endoscopic TEF repair in ventilation-dependent patients. Two high risk patients underwent the procedure under general anesthesia and close respiratory monitoring. In one patient the device was inserted through the trachea and in the other through the esophagus. In both cases fistula closure was achieved for different periods of time allowing the patients a temporary relief of symptoms. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients, and no significant adverse effect documented. The technique was successful as a temporary solution for unstable patients with TEFs and should be considered as a treatment modality for similar patients.     

应用负压封闭引流治疗高位小肠瘘

目的观察和评价采用负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗高位小肠外瘘的临床效果。方法笔者科室2014年3月~2015年12月收治12例高位小肠外瘘患者,其中男性7例,女性5例,年龄32~65岁,平均52岁。对瘘口及瘘道采用VSD进行引流,同时辅以营养、支持、抗感染等手段进行治疗。结果全组患者瘘口全部关闭愈合,避免了手术,且愈合时间较短,平均愈合时间45.3d。结论采用VSD应用于高位小肠外瘘引流效果较常规方法优势明显,既能有效控制感染,又能明显缩短愈合时间,值得推广。     

Transperineal ultrasonography in perianal Crohn disease: A valuable imaging modality

Aims of treatment for Crohn disease have moved beyond the resolution of clinical symptoms to objective end points including endoscopic and radiological normality. Regular re-evaluation of disease status to safely, readily and reliably detect the presence of inflammation and complications is paramount. Improvements in sonographic technology over recent years have facilitated a growing enthusiasm among radiologists and gastroenterologists in the use of ultrasound for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease. Transabdominal intestinal ultrasound is accurate, affordable and safe for the assessment of lumi-nal inflammation and complications in Crohn disease, and can be performed with or without the use of intravenous contrast enhancement. Perianal fistulizing disease is a common, complex and often treatment-refractory complication of Crohn disease, which requires regular radiological monitoring. Endoanal ultrasound is invasive, uncomfortable and yields limited assessment of the perineal region. Although magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis is established, timely access may be a problem. Transperineal ultrasound has been described in small studies, and is an accurate, painless and cost-effective method for documenting perianal fluid collections, fistulas and sinus tracts. In the present article, the authors review the literature regarding perineal ultrasound for the assessment of perianal Crohn disease and use case examples to illustrate its clinical utility.     

Repair of tracheo-oesophageal fistula secondary to button battery ingestion: A combined cervical and median sternotomy approach

A three-year-old child developed a large tracheo-oesophageal fistula secondary to a button battery being lodged in the upper oesophagus for 36 hours. The diagnosis was confirmed with a contrast swallow. Operative access was gained through a combined right cervical incision and complete median sternotomy. Repair of the fistula required a segmental resection of both the trachea and oesophagus followed by primary anastomosis.     

淋巴结瘘型气管支气管结核的临床分析

目的探讨淋巴结瘘型气管支气管结核(TBTB,Ⅵ型)好发人群、临床症状、影像学表现、纤支镜下表现及转归。方法分析65例TBTB(Ⅵ型)患者,总结临床症状、影像学表现、纤支镜下的表现及转归。结果 (1)好发于年轻人(20~35岁)(75.3%)。(2)入院前平均病程4月,主要症状为咳嗽、咳痰、发热、胸痛等。(3)影像学表现:肺膨胀不全,肺门影增大,气道软组织影等。(4)好发部位:左上支气管、隆突及双侧主支气管、左下支气管、右上支气管、中叶支气管。结论 (1)TBTB(Ⅵ型)症状、影像学特征不典型。(2)患者需随访纤支镜及胸部CT至气道及纵隔内病变完全吸收后方可停药,以免复发。